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Clematis Zhakmana is a perennial vine that belongs to the Buttercup family. This group of clematis is distinguished by extreme frost resistance, good immunity to many diseases, rapid growth and abundant flowering. Clematis Zhakmana does not grow in nature, but it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
Description of clematis Zhakman
Zhakman's clematis is widely known among ornamental trees and shrubs. The Zhakman group includes various hybrid varieties. It was named after one of the outstanding varieties, from which all others have already been bred. The very first clematis Zhakmana was bred in 1858 by English breeders in the Jackman's nursery.
Plant height usually reaches 4 - 5 meters. The grayish-brown stem of the vine is highly branched, slightly pubescent and ribbed. Unpaired dark green leaves are formed from 3 - 5 leaves. The width of the leaves is about 5 cm, the length is about 10 cm. The shape of the leaves is elongated, ovoid, pointed, and has a wedge-shaped base.
As you can see from the photo, the flowers of clematis Zhakman are large and very beautiful. They sit alone, extremely rarely - 2 - 3 pieces. The size of the flowers in diameter, on average, is 7 - 15 cm, however, there are varieties with larger flowers. Their color can be very diverse: white, red, pink, purple, blue or light blue.
In a temperate climate, the buds of clematis of the Zhakman group swell in April, the leaves bloom with the onset of May. Until the end of June, the shoots of the liana grow actively, after which they begin to bloom abundantly, which usually ends only in August. Weak flowering sometimes continues until September.
Clematis Zhakman trimming group
Jacqueman's Clematis belongs to the third pruning group. This means that flowers appear exclusively on the shoots of the current year: no flowering occurs on old shoots.
Since buds are formed only on young branches, last year's shoots are pruned. Otherwise, they grow over time and give the plant an unkempt appearance, as well as weaken it.
Clematis varieties of the Zhakman group
There are many different varieties of Zhakman clematis: photos of crops show that they all differ in size, color and shape of flowers, appearance of leaves and length of shoots. The article lists the most popular varieties of Zhakman clematis, recommended by Russian gardeners.
Superba
Clematis Zhakmana Superba is a shrub deciduous vine that can grow up to 3 m in length. The inflorescences are wide open, velvety, consist of four deep purple petals, have slightly greenish anthers. In the center of the petals there is a purple stripe, which fades with aging of the flower.Collected in the bosoms, several pieces of clematis buds of Zhakman Superba look like a half-umbrella.
Flowering usually begins in May and ends in September. Cold weather can delay flowering times. The variety is characterized by an average winter hardiness.
Rouge cardinal
Clematis Rouge Cardinal is a hybrid variety from the Jacquemand group, a French breeder development that has received many world awards. The dark purple velvety flowers of the liana are quite large, their diameter is approximately 15 cm.The inflorescences themselves are cruciform. The flower is complemented by contrasting stamens of a light, milky shade.
Shoots of clematis Rouge cardinal grow up to 2 - 2.5 m. Medium-sized leaves have a trifoliate shape. The leaf plate is colored dark green. The plant blooms from July to September. The variety is considered moderately hardy.
Cosmic Melody
The Zhakman group also includes the Kosmicheskaya Melody clematis variety, developed by domestic breeders in 1965. The plant was named in honor of the flights of Russian cosmonauts with a cosmic melody. It is a shrub vine that reaches a height of 3 m. The bush is usually formed from 15 to 30 shoots. According to the manufacturers, the Cosmic Melody variety has exceptional frost resistance.
One shoot can grow from 10 to 30 flowers. The diameter of the opened flowers is 12 - 14 cm. They consist of 5 - 6 velvety petals of a violet-cherry hue, having a diamond shape. The petals of the Cosmic Melody clematis do not adhere closely to each other: there is a certain distance between them. This arrangement can be considered a distinctive feature of the variety.
Luther Burbank
Luther Burbank is one of the varieties of clematis of the Zhakman group, which has perhaps the largest flowers, the size of which reaches 20 cm in diameter. Liana is also characterized by rapid growth, shoots stretch up to 2.5 - 4 m. The bush forms about 10 shoots.
One shoot of Clematis Luther Burbank contains 9 to 12 flowers. The flowers are painted in a violet-purple hue, have 5 - 6 pointed petals. The edges of the petals are wavy. Stamens are yellow-white. Flowering lasts from July to September. Clematis Jacquemann Luther Burbank is able to withstand frosts down to -30 degrees.
Anna German
Clematis Anna German is another variety of the Zhakman group, bred by domestic breeders in 1972 in honor of the famous Polish singer. Plant height is about 2 - 2.5 m. Liana blooms early, closer to mid-May. In favorable conditions, it can bloom again in August. Clematis Zhakmana Anna German is well adapted for the Russian climate, it can withstand even severe frosts down to -40 degrees.
The flowers of the plant are very large, from 16 to 20 cm in diameter, have a star-like shape. They consist of petals of a pale purple or pale lilac color. The color of the petals is lighter in the center and more saturated at the edges, the stamens are yellowish. The variety is considered to be moderately growing, so it can even be grown on the balcony in containers.
Gypsy Queen
Clematis Jacquemana Gypsy Queen is a shrub vine formed by about 15 shoots with a maximum length of 3.5 m. The plant can be grown in a container. A distinctive feature of the variety is considered to be slightly raised buds. The liana begins to bloom in late July or early August.
The size of the dark purple flowers of the liana is about 15 cm.The petals are velvety and wide enough. Anthers also acquire a purple color after the flower is fully ripe.
Nelly Moser
Clematis of the Nelly Moser variety is a deciduous vine from the Jacquemann group. Plant height is about 2 - 2.5 m.Vine flowers are painted in a very delicate, light, mauve shade. Anthers are two-colored: white and deep purple. There is a bright pink stripe in the center of the petals. In appearance, the petals resemble a slightly pointed ellipse. The shape of the flowers is star-shaped, with a diameter of 12 - 18 cm.
Vine blooms in May or June, re-flowering begins in August or September. The clematis variety Nelly Moser belongs to the 4th zone of winter hardiness and can withstand frosts down to -35 degrees.
Moonlight
In 1958, a variety of clematis Zhakman Moonlight was bred by the Russian scientist A.N. Volosenko-Valenis. Liana is vigorous, shoots grow up to 3 m in length. Composite leaves are formed by 3, 5 or 7 leaves. Flowering begins in June or July. The culture is suitable for growing in all climatic zones of Russia.
Vine shoots are strewn with shiny lavender flowers with a transition to blue towards the center. The size of the flowers ranges from 8 to 12 cm. The flowers are often formed from 4 petals, much less often from 5 or 6. The shape of the petals is rhombic, with pointed ends, often bent outward. The stamens are light, pale green.
Texa
The clematis variety Zhakman Tex was bred in 1981 by the Estonian breeder U. Ya. Kivistik. Clematis Texs are not too tall, which allows them to be grown in containers on the balcony. Vine blooms in June or July, re-flowering should be expected in early September.
The size of the flowers is 14 cm in diameter. The petals are distinguished by wavy edges and pointed tips. The flowers consist of 6 petals, painted in a bluish color, resembling rubbed denim in appearance, since the surface of the petals is evenly strewn with light blotches. Anthers have a grayish purple hue.
Ernest Markham
Clematis Ernest Markham is one of the most popular varieties of the Jacquemann group, bred in 1936 and is still known for its bright raspberry inflorescences. This is a perennial liana, the maximum length of shoots of which is 3.5 m. This variety of clematis is very frost-resistant and can withstand cold snaps down to -35 degrees.
The flowering of this vine is quite long, lasts from June to August. The flowers are large, up to 15 cm in diameter, formed by 5-6 overlapping velvet, wavy, slightly pointed petals. The stamens are cream-colored.
Optimal growing conditions
Clematis of the Jacquemann group are fast-growing vines. They usually require a lot of light to grow comfortably. The place must be protected from the wind, as clematis flowers are so delicate that they cannot withstand strong gusts.
On light or medium loamy soil, the flowering of Zhakman clematis is more abundant and begins earlier. Liana does not take root well on too acidic and alkaline soils. You can reduce the acidity of the soil by introducing wood ash or dolomite flour into the pits for planting. Fresh sawdust or needles will help acidify the soil.
Zhakman's group clematis are extremely hardy and suitable for growing in the harsh Russian climate. Depending on the variety, they can withstand frosts from -30 to -40 degrees. Despite this, the plants need pruning and good shelter for the winter.
Planting and caring for Zhakman's clematis
The seedlings of Zhakman's clematis can be transplanted to a permanent place in autumn or spring. The climatic conditions of the region have a significant impact on the dates of planting. In the south, seedlings can be planted in the second half of March or at the end of September. In the north, planting begins in mid-April or late August. The main thing is that the soil is warm enough by the time of planting.
Jacqueman's Clematis love spacious spaces.Therefore, when planting them, it is important to maintain a distance between seedlings of 1 - 1.5 m. Some gardeners recommend digging special fences made of roofing material around the holes for planting underground, which do not allow plants to suppress the growth of each other.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
Jacquemann's clematis grow well near arches and arbors, gracefully wrapping around the proposed supports. They can climb trees and bushes. Some undersized varieties of Zhakman's clematis can be grown in a container on the balcony.
A sunny area is suitable for planting in the ground, however, the root zone of clematis should be slightly shaded. It is better to choose an elevated place so that long roots do not die due to the close location of groundwater.
The plant is often planted along buildings in such a way that there is a slight indentation from the walls. If you place the bushes too close to the walls, the rain will get on them from the roofs, which can cause waterlogging of the soil.
First of all, for future clematis bushes of Zhakman, you need to prepare a soil mixture, which usually includes the following components:
- humus;
- peat;
- sand;
- superphosphate;
- dolomite flour.
Seedling preparation
As you can see from the photo and description of Zhakman clematis varieties, they all differ greatly in appearance and flowering time. When buying, seedlings should be chosen taking into account the climatic conditions of the region, while preference is given to zoned varieties. When choosing seedlings, you also need to build on the planned place of planting. So, tall plants are best placed near gazebos and various supports, and lower ones can even be grown on the balcony.
Shortly before planting, the preparation of seedlings begins:
- seedlings of Zhakman clematis in containers are carefully removed, for which the soil must be abundantly moistened in advance;
- seedlings with an open root system are soaked in warm water for several hours.
Landing rules
The size of the planting pits depends on the volume of the plant's earthen coma. The average recommended dimensions are 60x60x60 cm.At the same time, the distance from fences, walls and other buildings should be at least 30 cm.
Algorithm for planting clematis Zhakman:
- drain the bottom of the planting pits with broken brick or small stone;
- fix a support for a plant with a height of at least 2.5 m;
- pour a small amount of soil mixture onto the drainage layer, forming a mound;
- place the seedling in the hole, gently spreading the roots;
- fill the seedling with the remaining soil mixture, deepening the root collar and part of the trunk under the ground;
- compact the soil with your hands and water.
Watering and feeding
Jacqueman's Clematis are quite hygrophilous, they need abundant and regular watering. It is best to do this once a week, pouring 30-40 liters of water onto 1 bush, however, in case of drought, the number of irrigations is increased to 2 or 3, as needed. The best time to water is evening.
In the first year, young clematis seedlings are not fed, since the necessary fertilizers are usually applied during planting. The next year, you can already start fertilizing the plants. During active growth, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, during the formation of buds - potash fertilizers. When the flowering process is over, it is recommended to add phosphorus fertilization.
Mulching and loosening
The soil surface around the clematis bush is regularly loosened. All weeds are removed. Soil loosening and removal weeds improves the access of roots to oxygen.
To allow moisture to evaporate from the soil surface longer after watering, clematis mulch. Peat is often used as mulch.
Pruning clematis Zhakman
Clematis of the Jacquemann group bloom on the shoots of the current year. One of the main agrotechnical plant care procedures is pruning. For the first time, the bushes are cut off with the onset of summer.At this time, the weak shoots are pruned so that the flowering on the main, strong and tall shoots becomes more intense.
Then, in the last days of June, ¼ part of the shoots should be cut off, leaving 3 - 4 knots on them. This procedure will make the flowering process longer. It triggers the formation of nodes of new second-order shoots on the upper buds, which begin to bloom in 40-60 days.
In the autumn, with the first frost, all shoots must be cut off, leaving only 3 buds above the ground, or 20-30 cm.If such pruning is not carried out, the clematis of the Zhakman group weaken and become depleted, they begin to suffer more often with fungal diseases in the spring, do not give flowers or die altogether ...
Preparing for winter
Clematis of the third group of pruning for the winter are cut almost to the level of the soil, so they do not need a complex shelter. Most often, such plants are huddled, however, the usual pouring of earth for a group of Zhakman clematis will not be enough: it is necessary to completely eliminate the risk of excessive accumulation of moisture in the root area.
To do this, each bush is sprinkled with 3 - 4 buckets of peat or dry soil, forming an elevation of at least 60 cm. In combination with a layer of snow, such hilling will be sufficient and will provide full protection for adult plants. If there is little snow during the season, you need to periodically create a snow cover for clematis yourself, pouring snow from other areas with a shovel. In the absence of snow at all, it is replaced by spruce branches.
Such shelter may not be enough for young, immature plants, so they are additionally protected from severe frosts by placing a wooden box on top, sprinkled with leaves and wrapped in burlap.
Reproduction
Clematis of the Zhakman group can be propagated only by vegetative methods: by layering, cuttings and dividing the bush. The seeds of this ornamental plant can only form with artificial pollination.
For propagation by cuttings, only young cuttings can be used. They are harvested, as a rule, during the active growing season of the plant. The shoots should be firm and not brittle, but not yet lignified. The strongest branches are cut and cut from them the required number of cuttings with 2 or 3 buds. The lower foliage from the cuttings is completely removed, the upper one is cleared by half.
Before planting, the cutting itself is placed in a growth stimulator solution for some time. Rooting cuttings in the beds should be slightly at an angle. Young seedlings are usually covered with transparent plastic containers or foil to create a greenhouse effect.
Zhakmana clematis is propagated by layering in the spring. For this, healthy lateral shoots of an adult bush are placed in dug grooves of medium depth and fixed with wire. On top, the layers are sprinkled with earth, leaving only 20-30 cm of the top free. Further, they need the same care as the entire bush. The cuttings are separated from the parent plant only the following spring.
You can only divide Zhakman clematis at the age of 6 years. The bushes are divided in early spring, before the plant enters the growing season. To do this, adult clematis are carefully dug out, trying not to damage the roots. The dug bush is placed on a litter, the roots are shaken off the ground. Using a knife, the root system is divided into the required number of parts, evenly distributing healthy buds and roots between them.
Diseases and pests
Clematis Jacques can infect fungal diseases such as rust, powdery mildew, septoria and ascochitis. To prevent the appearance of these diseases, it is recommended to spray the plants with a solution of foundationol at the rate of 20 g per 10 liters of water. This must be done in the fall, before the bushes are sheltered, or in the spring, with the beginning of the first thaws.
The fungal disease wilt, which provokes wilting of shoots, is considered extremely dangerous for Clematis Jacques.If signs of wilt are found, the affected shoots should be removed as soon as possible. The soil around the bush must be dug out 3 cm, the above-ground part must be cut off. Burn all cut off parts. If this disease is detected in time, the lower dormant buds can still give healthy shoots.
Conclusion
Clematis Zhakmana is a group of varieties ideal for growing in the climatic conditions of Russia. Due to its high frost resistance and strong autumn pruning, the plant takes root well even in the cold regions of Siberia.
