Content
Large bunches of white grapes always look luxurious - whether on the vine, or as an exquisite dessert. The perfect shape of the berries, like the table grape variety Nadezhda Aksayskaya, attracts the eye even more. Among the advantages of an early ripe hybrid is its simplicity and the possibility of growing it in the middle climatic zone.
Characteristic
Universal grapes Hope Aksayskaya was bred by the famous amateur breeder from the Aksaysky district of the Rostov region V.U. Kapelyushny. A hybrid obtained by crossing common varieties of Arcadia and Talisman. Observations of the new variety were carried out for 10 years, and then enthusiastic gardeners began to grow a new vine in different parts of the country, even in the Urals and Siberia. The frost resistance of the hybrid is -24 degrees. Winegrowers are happy to breed table varieties that do not require special care, like Nadezhda Aksayskaya. Grapes can be grown by novice gardeners. The bushes are fruitful, the collection reaches up to 40 kg of sweet berries from one vine.
Depending on the region where the vineyard is located, the berries ripen in 110-120 days. The bunches hold the berries tightly and can be left on the vine for a longer period. The pleasant taste of the berries becomes sweeter and acquires nutmeg notes. Many gardeners believe that the berries taste like the Arcadia variety. Nadezhda Aksayskaya grape vine ripens by more than two-thirds during the growing season. In addition to table purposes, berries are used to create an exquisite bouquet of wine. The juice has a noticeable nutmeg aroma.
Features of the vine
An undemanding grape variety is grown on any soil: clay, sandy, black earth. Cuttings root well. Annual seedlings are distinguished by a developed root system and active growth. A powerful vine requires rationing of shoots and inflorescences: no more than 35 eyes are left per bush. No peeling is noted. In the vine of Nadezhda Aksayskaya, the average resistance to common diseases of grapes is estimated at 3 points. Against fungal diseases, it is necessary to carry out preventive treatments in a timely manner. Also, the grapes Nadezhda Aksayskaya have an average resistance to wasps and phylloxera.
Description
According to the characteristics of Nadezhda Aksayskaya grapes, the vines are medium-sized or vigorous on old rootstocks. Matured shoots are strong, light brown in color, with a brighter color of the nodes. Medium-sized, rounded dark green grape leaves, slightly dissected. The yield of the variety is determined by the presence of bisexual flowers. Light green stalks are long but firm.
Dense, large bunches of Nadezhda Aksayskaya grapes are cylindro-conical, sometimes winged. On average, one bunch weighs from 700 to 1500 g, under good conditions the weight reaches 2 kg. Oval, oblong berries, 2.8 x 2.3 cm in size, weigh 8-12 g or more, with a pleasant greenish-yellow hue. The skin is slightly dense, but not noticeable when consumed. The pulp of the grape variety is juicy, dense, crunches pleasantly. Mild, sweet taste, when fully ripe, is enriched with notes of honey and nutmeg. The composition of sugars in berries of the variety rises to 16-18%, acid - 6-7 g / l.
Advantages and disadvantages
The rapid spread and growing popularity of Nadezhda Aksayskaya grapes testify to the advantages of the variety for growing on personal plots.
- Early ripeness;
- Rich berry flavor and attractive bunch;
- High commercial performance of grape bunches;
- Keeping quality and portability;
- High and stable yield of the variety;
- Relative resistance to gray rot, powdery mildew and mildew (level 3 points);
- Drought resistance and frost resistance.
Among the disadvantages of the grape variety, Nadezhda Aksayskaya is called:
- Phylloxera sensitivity;
- Affection of wasps;
- Susceptibility to fungal diseases during a prolonged rainy period.
Reproduction
The variety is propagated by cuttings, layering, grafting. The vine of Nadezhda Aksayskaya is actively developing if it is grafted onto a long-planted grape bush.
Layers
This method is used more often with bushes growing on their own roots. Excellent breeding method for grapes in regions with short summer heat. For industrial areas, it is ineffective, but suitable for a home vineyard. If the length of the vine allows, the layering is dropped into a permanent place, and the excess shoots formed are either planted or removed. For good rooting and development of the grape bush, you can create only two layers from one vine. Layers are created in autumn, early spring or early July. The vine shoot takes root without separating from the mother plant bush: the roots grow from the nodes and internodes, and the sprouts from the eyes.
- If work begins in early spring, on a vine with buds that have not yet appeared, a groove 45 cm wide and 20-25 cm deep is dug under the overwintered branch;
- A 5-centimeter layer of earth mixed with humus and complex mineral fertilizers is laid on the bottom, or superphosphate and potassium salt are added;
- A branch of grapes is bent down, laid in a groove, secured with garden pins and sprinkled with soil to a height of 10 cm. The top is taken out above the ground;
- The groove is watered and covered with polyethylene before rooting;
- Carry out regular watering so that the soil does not dry out, remove weeds;
- With the appearance of sprouts, the film is removed, the groove is filled with earth to the surface level, and as the shoots grow, they are tied up;
- When grape bushes are sprayed for prophylaxis, sprouts are also treated together;
- In the fall, a groove with sprouts is carefully dug up, each shoot with roots is cut off and kept until spring in a dark and dry basement. Planted in June.
Cuttings
For rooting, take well-ripened annual autumn cuttings of the Nadezhda Aksayskaya variety, at least 0.8-10 cm thick, with several eyes: 8 buds - for planting directly into the soil and 5-6 - for seedlings. Slicing propagation cuttings, some gardeners, before planting with a knife, make small cuts or scrapings on the bottom of the cutting. Fragments of the vine are kept in water for two days, then wrapped in a wet cloth and taken to the basement. During storage, cuttings must not be overdried.
In the spring, cuttings are planted in pots with sand and soil, and are regularly moistened. The stalk is deepened into the soil two-thirds of its length so that the two upper buds remain above the ground. The established cuttings are planted in warm weather.
Cuttings are prepared not only in the fall, they are also cut in the spring. Spring plantings take root better. The grape bushes are developing intensively, the shoots are ripening.
How to properly plant a southern vine
Place planting grapes - cuttings or seedlings - on the southern or southwestern side of buildings, in a quiet place, not blown by the winds. 0.8-1 m recede from the wall. For the vine of the grape variety Nadezhda Aksayskaya, props or trellises must be arranged. When landing, you can simultaneously arrange a strong support bar in the pit.
- Dig a hole 0.8 x 0.8 m in size, the same depth;
- Drainage material is placed at the bottom;
- The upper soil is mixed with humus and fertilizers: 500 g of azofoska, 1-liter can of wood ash;
- The distance between adjacent holes is not less than 1.5-2 m;
- Water the hole abundantly and mulch.
Care
The vine of Nadezhda Aksaya is developing rapidly. The root system of this variety is also well-branched. Because of this, the grapes do not need frequent watering, as well as ill-considered nitrogen fertilization in July or August. Only in a very dry period are the grapes watered. When pruning, make sure that the bush is not overloaded: 30-35 eyes are enough. Cut off into 2-4 eyes. In the last decade of June, the shoots are thinned out, excess inflorescences are removed. The ovaries are carried on both sides of the bush. For the winter, the vine is removed from the trellises and covered with hay or straw.
Top dressing
In the spring, Nadezhda Aksayskaya grapes are fertilized with compost, and humus is given in the fall. Such feeding is carried out every three years. Now you can buy balanced complex mineral fertilizers that support grapes:
- In the spring, during the awakening of the vine;
- Before flowering;
- In the phase of pouring berries.
- Grapes need phosphorus fertilization if the leaves wilt and darken a little;
- The vine lacks potassium if the berries are unsweetened and the leaves turn yellow early.
Diseases and pests
To prevent diseases, the grape varieties Nadezhda Aksai are sprayed, especially on rainy days:
- Topaz, Quadris, Strobi, Karatan, Rubigan, Bayleton help in the fight against powdery mildew;
- Effective in the fight against gray mold: Bordeaux liquid, "Ridomil-Gold", "Rovral".
- If phylloxera is damaged, the vines are removed;
- Insecticide "Omite" will help fight spider mites;
- Bunches of grapes are protected from wasps with a fine-mesh plastic mesh.
A productive, unpretentious vine can be got by every fan. A minimum of care and concern will present sweet berries for dessert in the pre-autumn time.
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