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Farmers from the southern regions do not have any difficulties with the choice of grapes: the range of varieties is very wide. But for the inhabitants of the middle zone, the Urals, Belarus, it is very difficult to find a grape that could develop normally and bear fruit in difficult climatic conditions. One of the universal and very resistant to external factors varieties is Kishmish 342. Someone knows this hybrid called Hungarian, other gardeners are familiar with it by the abbreviation GF-342 - the demand for this variety of Kishmish is very high. The hybrid really deserves the closest attention, because it has a lot of advantages, is unpretentious and does not need complicated care.
A detailed description of the Kishmish 342 grape variety with photos and reviews of gardeners can be found in this article. Here we will talk about the strengths and weaknesses of the Hungarian hybrid, give recommendations for its cultivation and care.
Hybrid characteristics
The Kishmish 342 grape variety was bred at the end of the last century by Hungarian breeders. American Perlet and European Vilar Blanc became the "parents" for the new species. Perlet belongs to the super-early varieties of Kishmish, it has a dessert taste and lack of seeds in the pulp. But Vilar Blanc is a technical variety with late ripening periods, he took him GF-342 yield, winter hardiness and unpretentiousness.
Description of the variety Kishmish 342:
- grapes with very early ripening periods and a short growing season - for technical maturity, the culture needs from 100 to 115 days;
- the bushes are vigorous, well branched and tall - this must be taken into account when choosing a place for planting a seedling;
- the number of fruiting shoots is about 80% of the total;
- it is recommended to normalize hybrid 342 so that 2-3 clusters remain on one shoot;
- the size of the bunches is medium and large (400-900 grams), on old lignified vines the bunches of grapes are usually larger;
- berries are oval, medium in size, their weight ranges from 3 to 4 grams;
- the skin is greenish-yellow, thin but dense;
- in the pulp of Kishmish 342 there are no seeds or rudiments (the greater the load on the bush, the less often bones are found in the berries);
- the flesh of the hybrid is firm, sweet, with light nutmeg notes;
- the amount of sugars in fruits is at the level of 19-21%, and the sugar content is weakly dependent on climatic conditions and weather;
- you can use Kishmish 342 grapes as a dessert variety, it is also good for the production of raisins, since it does not contain seeds;
- fruiting in grapes is stable;
- high yield - within 20-25 kg from each bush with proper care;
- the transportability of the crop is good - Kishmish easily transfers transportation over long distances;
- you can store the harvested grapes for 3-5 weeks (in the basement or in the refrigerator);
- the Kishmish variety is resistant to various fungal infections, which is very important for early ripening grapes;
- berries with a thin skin and a high sugar content are often attacked by wasps, so you should think about special traps for these insects;
- shoots of grapes ripen well, the growth rate of the vine is very high - the bushes grow quickly;
- frost resistance at Kishmish 342 is good - the vine can withstand a temperature drop to -26 degrees without shelter;
- the hybrid does not like thickening and needs regular, competent pruning.
Advantages and disadvantages
Fruit Kishmish 342 is a reliable grape that will yield a good harvest in almost any climatic conditions. This variety is chosen by winegrowers living in a temperate climate, Kishmish has proven itself well in the southern vineyards.
Hybrid grapes have many advantages, among them:
- unpretentiousness;
- resistance to cold and disease;
- high productivity;
- decent table taste of berries;
- lack of seeds in fruits and thin peel;
- the transportability of the crop and its suitability for long-term storage;
- fast growth and strong vine.
As such, the GF-342 has no shortcomings. For farmers accustomed to a variety of foreign varieties and hybrids, Kishmish may seem too simple, and its taste is flat, not multifaceted. Such gardeners also note the relatively small size of the bunches, small berries.
As you know, the berries of common grape varieties will be the larger and sweeter, the more heat and sun they receive during the season. In regions with a temperate climate (Moscow region, Ural, Belarus), the summer season is often rainy and cloudy, and Kishmish 342, regardless of this, pleases with large and sweet fruits.
Growing features
Grapes 342 will not cause trouble for the summer resident, because this hybrid is very unpretentious and is suitable even for novice winegrowers. The variety pleases with good quality cuttings, the possibility of root and grafting propagation. In order to get a bountiful harvest, the farmer does not have to constantly look after his vineyard - Kishmish needs the simplest care: watering, fertilizing, preventive treatment, pruning.
Landing rules
The most important condition for the successful cultivation of Kishmish 342 grapes is the choice of a suitable place for it. This hybrid feels great in an area with good illumination, reliable protection from wind and draft. The best place to plant the cuttings would be a sunny area near the wall of a house or outbuilding, not far from a high hedge.
A suitable time for planting Kishmish can be both spring and autumn. In spring, cuttings are planted when the soil warms up well and the threat of recurrent frosts has passed. Typically, planting occurs in late April and early May. If the grapes are planted in the fall, then this should be done at least a month before the onset of frost (October is perfect for planting).
When preparing the planting holes, it is necessary to take into account the strong branching and high height of the Kishmish vine. This variety is planted 3-4 meters apart between adjacent bushes or other plants. The pits should be large and deep: about 70 cm deep and 80 cm in diameter.
The soil removed from the pit is mixed with a bucket of humus and a liter can of wood ash. Mix well. After planting, the grafting site should be above the ground. Immediately after planting, it is recommended to cut the stalk into two buds.
Necessary care
In the first year after planting, all care for the Kishmish 342 grape consists of regular watering, loosening the soil and at least one feeding of the seedling with mineral fertilizers.
In subsequent seasons, the work of the grower will be as follows:
- Annual pruning of the vineperformed in early spring. Kishmish 342 is recommended to be cut into 6-7 buds, normalizing the shoots so that no more than three bunches ripen on each.
- Soil loosening after every watering or rain.To make your work easier, you can mulch the soil around the grapes with sawdust, dry foliage, or other organic material.
- To water hybrid 342 will be rare, these grapes need additional moisture only during periods of prolonged drought. Since the variety is early, its growing season takes place in June and the first half of July, when there is usually no drought in temperate climates.
- In the middle of summer, Kishmish needs feed phosphorus-potassium complex - this will improve the quality of the fruit and help to increase the size of the berries. In late autumn, grapes are fed with organic matter (humus, compost, wood ash, bird droppings).
- Although grade 342 is resistant to fungal infections, it is necessary to carry out prevention these diseases. This treatment is especially important in rainy and cool summer conditions. Fungicidal preparations are combined with insecticides, protecting the vine from spider mites, leaf rollers, and larvae of May beetles. In the spring, you can use Bordeaux mixture or biological grapes.
- Ripening bunches are a must protect from wasps. So that these insects do not damage most of the harvest, the grapes are placed in special bags, wrapped in mesh or gauze. Wasp traps are also effective as a means of control.
- In the northern regions (in the Moscow region, in the Urals, for example) Kishmish grapes are necessary shelter for the winter... The vine of this variety is quite elastic, so it is difficult to bend it. But the shoots will have to be tied up and bent to the ground in order to cover them with a special material. Spruce or pine spruce branches, dry foliage, sawdust, agrofibre are suitable as a shelter. As soon as snow falls, it needs to be collected around the site and a mound-shelter should be built.
You can use the harvested crop for different purposes: use fresh table-variety berries, prepare wine and juices, dry fruits to obtain raisins. By the way, hybrid 342 can be dried to a raisin state right on the vine. To do this, the bunches must be placed in protective bags and rotated regularly.
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Conclusion
Kishmish 342 is a wonderful grape variety that is suitable for growing in different climatic conditions. In addition to high yields and good stability, the hybrid pleases with excellent taste and high sugar content in berries.
This grape rarely gets sick and does not need difficult maintenance, therefore it is suitable for both beginners and experienced gardeners. Photos of bunches and reviews of the variety will not leave anyone indifferent - it is definitely worth growing Kishmish!
