Content
For the first time, domestic breeders became interested in the cultivation of bell peppers in the early 60s of the last century. During the Soviet Union, sweet pepper varieties grew only in the territories of the Moldavian and Ukrainian republics, so Russian gardeners chose seeds and tried to grow a crop from vegetables purchased at the markets.
Today breeding offers a wide range of varieties and hybrids for central Russia, Siberia and the Urals. However, given the fact that bell peppers are a crop with rather long ripening periods, farmers offer special high varieties for the northern regions that grow well in greenhouses and open ground. Plants are powerful stems, from one to one and a half meters in height, with dense foliage, resistant to cold snaps and characterized by high yields. Tall varieties of pepper are capable of bringing up to 10-12 kg of harvest during the full ripening period.
Growing tall peppers in greenhouses
Even if your greenhouse is well equipped for early cultivation of pepper, do not forget that this is a thermophilic crop that requires regular watering and additional nutrition. In addition, tall peppers require a garter of branches, and for this, in conditions of a closed ground, it is necessary to arrange additional supports or a lattice mesh.
Specially bred sweet pepper varieties for growing in various climatic conditions is Orange Wonder, Night and Winnie the Pooh... On the shelves of shops and markets you can find planting material of varieties Victoria, Othello, Health and Elephant, which are also adapted for greenhouses and greenhouses, but require some additional growing conditions.
Even under conditions of round-the-clock heating of the air and good lighting, greenhouse varieties of tall peppers have individual periods of growth and vegetation, give stable and tasty yields with regular watering and feeding.
The only criteria for a stable harvest that are characteristic of all varieties of tall peppers are the conditions for planting:
- It is necessary to start sowing planting material and growing seedlings in March, at the first signs that the air temperature has begun to rise and there will be no tendency to decrease it;
- Seeds are prepared for planting, disinfected and hatched, and then placed in planting containers or specially prepared boxes. Fertile black soil or moistened compost is taken as planting soil. Tall sweet peppers are sensitive to low nutrient levels in the soil;
- If the planting material is planted in boxes, observe the following rate: the hatched grains are determined into the ground at a distance of at least 2 cm;
- Growing seedlings also requires a certain temperature regime - it should not be less than 22-230FROM.
Before transferring seedlings to greenhouse conditions, you need to prepare the soil. The substrate in the beds should be at least 25-30 cm thick. If the variety of sweet pepper you have chosen requires feeding with organic fertilizers, enter them in small quantities.
The seedlings are transferred to 55-60 days after the seed has hatched, when the pepper bush will gain a height of 25-30 cm. Tall varieties, with appropriate hardening and germination of the planting material, quickly give additional leaves. By the time the plant is transferred to a greenhouse or greenhouse, there must be at least 5 leaves on the stem.
In the process of growth, tall varieties of sweet bell peppers are tied up or propped up with wooden supports. At the same time, the bush is constantly diving, leaving the strongest and healthiest shoot.
A prerequisite for growing tall varieties of peppers is the regular loosening of the earth. In order for the root of a plant to be strong and healthy, it must be signed with oxygen. Compacted soil will interfere with this.
Variety and best varieties of tall peppers
Merchant
This variety of tall peppers belongs to the early maturing and is planted not only in greenhouses, but also in open ground. "Merchant" is a high-yielding variety with pyramidal fruits. The growing season begins 95-100 days from the first shoots. The height of the bush at the time of stopping growth can reach 120 cm. The skin of the fruit is dense, colored pinkish-red. The weight of a full-ripe pepper does not exceed 130-150 grams. Up to 4-5 kg of pepper are harvested from one bush in greenhouses, in open ground - up to four kilograms.
Atlant
An early variety of tall peppers with a bush height of just over one meter. Vegetation begins on the 100-105th day from the first shoots. Distinctive features of the Atlant variety are spreading branches and leaves, which require garters and early picks to form a plant. Pepper during ripening has a regular conical shape, the skin is dense, with a thickness of up to 8 mm. The fruits have a rich red hue, the average weight of one pepper can be up to 150 grams. About 6 kg of the crop is harvested from one bush.
Orange miracle
A high-yielding high-growing variety of sweet pepper, intended for growing in glass and film shelters, and in the southern regions - in open garden beds. The first fruits can be harvested already on the 100th day from the beginning of pecking of the planting material. The bush is powerful, branched, height - up to one meter. Fruits are beautiful orange in color with thick (up to 1 cm) and very juicy sweetish pulp. The average weight of one such pepper can be up to 300 g.
A distinctive feature of the Orange Miracle variety is its high resistance to watermelon and tobacco mosaic viruses. Pepper has a sweet, rich taste and tolerates long-term transportation well. During the harvest period, up to twelve kilograms of fruit can be removed from one bush.
California miracle
A medium-early tall sweet pepper variety for cultivation in greenhouses. The fruiting period begins 100-110 days after sowing seeds for seedlings. The fruits are versatile, have a delicate, slightly sweet taste, are suitable for fresh consumption, canning, and thermal processing. In the period of full ripening, the cuboid fruits reach a mass of two hundred grams. In greenhouse conditions, up to 5-6 kg of harvest is removed from one bush.
A distinctive feature of the Californian miracle variety is that in order to obtain a consistent yield, peppers are fed with mineral and nitrogen fertilizers throughout the entire fruiting period.
Miracle tree F1
This unique variety, bred by breeders, really gains the height of a small tree during the growth period. The height of an adult plant reaches 1.6-1.8 m. The hybrid belongs to the early maturing, and when grown in greenhouses gives the first fruits as early as 90-95 days after the appearance of the first shoots. The fruits themselves are small, bright red in color, have the shape of a prism, and have excellent taste. The skin is dense, smooth, the wall thickness is 6-7 mm, with an average weight of 120-150 grams.
Distinctive features of the "Miracle Tree" variety - this sweet pepper has an enviable resistance to putrefactive and fungal diseases. The crop ripens almost at the same time. From one bush, you can collect up to 5-6 kg of juicy fruits.
Cockatoo
A tall variety of sweet peppers with a truly gigantic fruit length - up to 25-28 cm. One such pepper, when fully ripe, can weigh up to 400-500 grams. Long sweet beauties, slightly curved in shape, reminiscent of the beak of a cockatoo, are used for culinary processing, conservation and fresh consumption. The growing season begins 100-105 days after the first shoots. From one bush, 1.3-1.5 meters high, up to 5 kg of fruits are harvested during the harvest season.
A distinctive feature of the variety - the plant needs a lot of sunlight. That is why Kakadu is grown in greenhouses equipped with round-the-clock lighting or outdoors in the southern regions of Russia. The variety is resistant to diseases of watermelon and tobacco mosaic, fungal and viral diseases.
Hercules
Among the tall varieties of sweet Bulgarian pepper "Hercules" considered the lowest. The height of the bush during the period of complete cessation of growth is up to 1 m. Despite this, the bush has a powerful stem and a strong root system. Fruits in the form of a cube, with a dense sweetish skin and wall thickness - up to 8-10 mm. The average weight of one full-ripe pepper reaches 200 grams.
Distinctive features of the variety - with a low yield (3-4 kg per bush), this variety has sufficiently high commercial qualities, has resistance to long-term transportation and storage, and tolerates freezing well.
Chord
A variety of tall sweet peppers designed for greenhouse and outdoor cultivation. The height of the bush during the period of cessation of growth reaches 1-1.2 m. The fruits have a bright red color, an even shape of cones. The skin is tender, the wall thickness is 6-7 mm. During the period of full ripening, the mass of one pepper can reach 200-220 grams. The plant is resistant to viral and fungal diseases, tolerates slight fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Up to 5 kg of pepper are removed from one bush, used for conservation and thermal cooking.
Claudio
A Dutch hybrid with an average growing season. The height of the bush is 1.2-1.3 m. The first crops are harvested on 110-115 days. The mass of one pepper during the ripening period reaches two hundred and seventy grams. The fruits are colored bright red and have an even conical shape. The hybrid is universal, used for canning, has a high resistance to preservation of the presentation during long-term storage and transportation. "Claudio" - one of high-yielding tall hybrids of pepper. From one bush, when grown in greenhouse conditions, gardeners collect up to ten kilograms of harvest.
Latino
A hybrid that has proven itself in outdoor cultivation in the southern regions. The first fruit is removed already on the one hundred and fifth day after germination. The elastic and juicy skin is painted in a beautiful red color. The shape of the fruit is cuboid. With a small size, "Latino" can weigh up to 220 grams, since the wall thickness during the ripening period reaches ten millimeters. The height of the bush is just over one meter, while the yield during the growing season can be up to ten kilograms.
Cornet
An early maturing variety of tall peppers with an extraordinary brown fruit color. Designed for cultivation in greenhouses and greenhouses, in open areas only for the southern regions of Russia. The growing season begins on the hundredth day after the seed has hatched. The pepper is in the shape of a cone, a ripe fruit can weigh up to two hundred and thirty grams.
Distinctive features of the variety - high resistance to diseases characteristic of the culture, stable strong ovary of inflorescences, stable yield. Up to ten kilograms of juicy fruits saturated with vitamin C and carotene are harvested from one bush of "Cornet".
Top dressing of tall varieties of pepper
Sweet pepper varieties and hybrids with long stems need regular feeding, even if grown in well-lit and heated greenhouses.
Immediately after transferring the seedlings to the beds, tall peppers must be given mineral dressing. It has a good effect on the formation of the plant, activates its growth and accelerates the appearance of ovaries. The first such feeding is carried out 9-10 days after planting the seedlings.
During the fruiting period, starting from the first formation of the fruit, feed the pepper with organic fertilizers. This will increase the yield, form the same beautiful and juicy fruits. At the same time, the plant really needs potassium and phosphorus.
How and how to feed tall varieties of sweet peppers is up to the gardener himself. Some farmers are inclined only in favor of organic nutrition, while others prefer mineral elements.
