Content
- 1 Features of growing honeysuckle in Siberia
- 2 What varieties of honeysuckle are better to plant in Siberia
- 3 Planting and caring for honeysuckle in Siberia
- 4 Reproduction of honeysuckle
- 5 When honeysuckle ripens in Siberia
- 6 Diseases and pests
- 7 Conclusion
- 8 Reviews of the best varieties of honeysuckle for Siberia
Honeysuckle is perhaps one of the best berry bushes that can be grown in Siberia. In this territory, as well as in the Far East and Kamchatka, there are natural areas for the spread of this culture. On their basis, breeders managed to obtain new species that not only have excellent taste, but also have high resistance to adverse weather conditions. The bred sweet varieties of honeysuckle for Siberia have become a real gift for the gardeners of this region, because the cultivation of traditional berries in the Siberian climate is very difficult.
Features of growing honeysuckle in Siberia
The Siberian region has always been and remains a zone of risky farming. Severe frosts in winter, sharp temperature fluctuations in spring and autumn, early frosts and prolonged droughts - this is not a complete list of unfavorable factors inherent in the climate of this territory. In order not only to successfully grow edible honeysuckle in Siberia, but also to get a harvest of berries, the culture must meet the following conditions:
- Withstand prolonged temperature drops down to -40 ° C.
- Have good frost resistance.
- Be undemanding to care.
- Have a short growing season.
Honeysuckle can produce a good harvest even in Siberia
To obtain varieties of honeysuckle with the necessary properties, breeders used Altai and Kamchatka species of edible honeysuckle. On their basis, scientists from different countries have developed and are developing various resistant varieties of this culture, suitable for growing not only in Siberia, but also in other regions with an unfavorable climate.
What varieties of honeysuckle are better to plant in Siberia
For Siberia, quite a few varieties have been zoned, since the breeding of edible honeysuckle, suitable for cultivation in this region, was carried out at the state level. The reason for the increased interest in this plant is that traditional gardening in this area faces a lot of problems due to the harsh climate. But honeysuckle, which has good frost resistance and practically does not get sick, was supposed to replace the more demanding berry bushes in this regard.
Here are some varieties of sweet edible honeysuckle that have been zoned for cultivation in Siberia:
- Berel. This is one of the earliest Siberian varieties of edible honeysuckle, the berries ripen towards the end of June. The average fruit size is 0.4-0.9 g. The berries are barrel-shaped, elongated, dark, blue-violet with a bluish bloom.
Honeysuckle bush Berel low, compact, medium spreading
- Wiliga. Medium early variety of honeysuckle, berries ripen at the end of June. The bush is compact, compressed, while its height can reach 1.8 m. The shoots are powerful, straight, not pubescent. The berries are dark blue with a bluish waxy bloom, oval-elongated, club-shaped, weighing up to 1.2 g. The yield from 1 bush can reach up to 2.5 kg. The crumbling rate is weak. Dessert taste, sweet with sourness, without bitterness.
Wiliga's edible honeysuckle variety has excellent frost resistance and good drought resistance
- Leningrad giant. The variety got its name from the large, up to 1.7 g in weight, dark blue berries. They are fusiform, with a bumpy surface. Ripening of honeysuckle berries occurs from the beginning of July, it is slightly stretched out in time. The yield of the Leningradsky Giant variety depends on the care and is, on average, about 3 kg from 1 bush, but with proper agricultural technology it can reach up to 5 kg. The berries are not prone to shedding. The taste is sweet, dessert, with a subtle sourness. The bushes of this edible honeysuckle variety are wide-rounded, about 1.5 m high, and can grow taller. The width of the bush reaches 1.6 m. The shoots are powerful, green, medium pubescent. The variety is partially self-fertile, but it is impossible to get a full harvest without pollinators. In this capacity, it is recommended to use the varieties of honeysuckle Gzhelka, Morena, Blue bird.
Early maturity is good, the first berries may appear as early as 2 years after planting.
- Moraine. The bushes of this variety of edible honeysuckle can grow up to 1.6-1.8 m. The crown is oval, medium spreading, dense. Shoots of medium thickness, flexible, green. The berries are pitcher-shaped, purple, with a dense bluish-blue waxy bloom. Weight 1.5-1.9 g. Berries do not crumble. Each bush can ripen 1.5-2.5 kg of berries. The taste is sweet and sour, without bitterness.
Ripening begins in the second decade of June and is slightly extended in time
- Nymph. This variety of honeysuckle is distinguished by a significant size of the bush, its height can reach 2.5 m. The fruits ripen at the end of June. Fruiting is amicable, the berries practically do not crumble. They are purple with a bluish bloom, fusiform, bumpy. The taste is sweet, with a slight bitterness. 1-2 kg are harvested from 1 adult bush.
Straight shoots, medium thickness, green, moderately pubescent
Important! Honeysuckle variety Nymph does not tolerate heat well. - Provincial. Honeysuckle variety of Russian selection, included in the State Register in 2005. The bush is low, slightly spreading, up to 1.2-1.4 m high. The shoots are straight, green, not pubescent. The provincial honeysuckle variety is distinguished by large fruits, the average weight of berries is 1.9-2.2 g. Ripening is slightly extended, occurs in the last decade of June.
The yield from 1 bush is not very high and averages 2 kg
Of course, this is not a complete list of edible honeysuckle varieties suitable for cultivation in Siberia. More complete information can be found in specialized literature.
A description of several varieties of honeysuckle can be seen in the video:
Planting and caring for honeysuckle in Siberia
Honeysuckle, perhaps like no other berry shrub, is suitable for growing in Siberia. Due to its excellent frost resistance, it can be cultivated in various parts of this region. Nevertheless, in order to get a good harvest of berries, certain care recommendations must be followed.
When to plant honeysuckle in Siberia
The best time for planting edible honeysuckle seedlings in Siberia is considered to be early spring and early autumn. At the beginning of the year, this can be done immediately after the ground thaws. In the fall, you need to focus on local conditions. It is important that after planting, the shrub has enough time to root in a new location.
Seedlings in containers can be planted throughout the season
If a honeysuckle seedling is in a container, and its root system is closed, then it can be planted in Siberia not only in spring and autumn, but also throughout the season.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
In Siberia, when choosing a place for planting edible honeysuckle on a site, you must be guided by the following rules:
- Honeysuckle is a self-fertile plant. To get a harvest, he definitely needs pollinators. Therefore, honeysuckle seedlings are not planted singly.In order for a good harvest to ripen on the bushes, it is necessary to plant at least 4 copies, placing them at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. Based on this, you need to plan the area of the land plot.
- The site must be well lit. In the shade, honeysuckle grows slowly and bears much worse fruit.
- It is desirable that the place is located on the south or southeast side of a building, structure or fence that protects the bushes from the north wind.
- The soil on the site should be loose, well-drained.
- Groundwater should not rise close to the surface.
The plot on the south side of the building is perfect for honeysuckle
An interval of 1.5-2 m should be left between adjacent honeysuckle seedlings, since many varieties form a rather extensive crown. It is advisable to prepare the landing pits in advance. Their size depends on the root system of the plants. For Siberia, it is better to buy three-year-old seedlings with a closed root system, in this case the size of the hole should not be less than the size of the container.
Honeysuckle planting rules
Before planting honeysuckle seedlings, it is necessary to prepare a nutritious substrate with which the root system will fall asleep. To do this, the soil removed from the planting pits is mixed with humus, and phosphorus and potash mineral fertilizers are also added here. It is advisable to add another 1-2 glasses of wood ash under each bush. The easiest way is to transplant seedlings from containers into open ground. They must be carefully removed along with a lump of earth and installed vertically in the planting pit. The resulting voids are filled with nutrient soil, compacting it.
If the root system of the seedling is open, then a small earthen mound must first be poured onto the bottom of the planting pit, along the sides of which the roots are spread. Then the pit is gradually filled with soil, periodically compacting it. It is necessary to ensure that the root collar, after filling the hole, is on the same damage as the ground. At the end of earthworks, intensive watering of the root zone is carried out, after which it is advisable to mulch the surface with peat or humus. This will prevent rapid evaporation of moisture from the soil.
Watering and feeding
Many varieties of edible honeysuckle are sensitive to lack of moisture. The lack of atmospheric precipitation, which occurs in some regions of Siberia, adversely affects the harvest, while the issue of watering is especially acute during the period of ripening and pouring of berries. However, plants should not be flooded either. The average watering rate for each honeysuckle bush is 10 liters once a week, in the heat this figure should be doubled. If precipitation occurs regularly and in sufficient quantities, then it is better to refuse additional soil moisture, so as not to provoke root decay.
In summer, it is better to use organic matter for feeding honeysuckle.
If fertilizers were applied when planting a honeysuckle seedling in the recommended amount, then the first year after planting no additional fertilizing is required. From the age of 2, the bushes begin to be fed annually according to the following scheme:
Time | Type of feeding and applied fertilizers |
Early spring, before the start of the growing season | Foliar, urea (35 g / 10 l of water) or root, ammonium nitrate (25 g / 10 l of water) |
July, at the end of berry picking | Root, rotted manure or humus 10 kg for each adult bush |
September | Root, 25-30 g of superphosphate, 15-20 g of potassium salt for each bush |
Pruning
Honeysuckle grows quite quickly, and without pruning, the bush will soon turn into a real jungle of intertwined shoots. To avoid this, it is recommended to periodically delete some of the branches. Here are the main types of edible honeysuckle pruning:
- Sanitary. It is carried out in early spring and autumn, before wintering. In the course of its implementation, broken, damaged and dry shoots are cut out.
- Formative. They do it if the bushes also perform a decorative function.Shoots are pruned to maintain the size and shape of the plant.
- Thinning. Usually performed in Siberia in the fall. When it is carried out, improperly growing, inwardly directed crowns and thickening branches lying on the ground are removed. Weak unpromising shoots are also removed.
- Anti-aging. Produced from 7-8 years of plant life. Old shoots begin to give small growth, on which there is almost no crop. Such branches are cut out, gradually replacing them with younger ones.
Pruning is one of the must-have care procedures for honeysuckle.
How to prepare honeysuckle for winter in Siberia
As a rule, no special measures are taken to prepare honeysuckle bushes for wintering in Siberia. This plant calmly withstands a drop in temperature to -35-40 ° C. The only exceptions are young seedlings and newly planted bushes, it is still recommended to cover them for the winter with fallen leaves or spruce branches.
Reproduction of honeysuckle
Like most shrubs, honeysuckle in Siberia can be propagated both by seeds and vegetatively. If it is necessary to obtain seedlings with the same characteristics as that of the mother plant, then the seed method is not used. Seedlings obtained from seeds, for the most part, do not retain varietal characteristics. Therefore, this method is used only for scientific purposes, mainly, breeders use it when developing new varieties. Gardeners in Siberia use vegetative methods, which include cuttings, propagation by layering (aerial or root) and dividing the bush.
Honeysuckle cuttings are cut in summer from non-lignified annual shoots. The best time for cuttings is determined experimentally, depending on the maturation of the growth, it should remain green, but break well at the same time. Roughly this time falls on the second half of June. The stalk is a part of a shoot 12-15 cm long with one internode and a pair of leaves, the lower cut is made oblique, the upper cut is straight. Leaves below the knot should be torn off, and those above should be cut in half to reduce moisture evaporation.
Cuttings can be rooted directly in specially prepared moist soil, which includes peat and sand (1: 3). Cuttings are planted at an angle of 45 ° towards the south, deepening is carried out to the middle of the internode. The garden bed or planting container is covered with glass or foil and isolated from direct sunlight. Under these conditions and while maintaining a constant moisture content of the substrate, the cutting forms its own root system, the formation of which will take from 2 to 3 weeks. Gradually, the shelter is removed, first for a while, and then completely. Cuttings rooted in the garden bed must be covered in the first winter, and transplanted to a permanent place a year later.
Honeysuckle cuttings can be rooted in water and then planted in a substrate
You can divide honeysuckle bushes that have reached the age of 8 years. In this case, the plant is completely dug up and cut into several parts, each of which should contain several healthy shoots with their own roots. In Siberia, this procedure is carried out in the fall, after the end of the growing season. You need to root the delenki immediately.
Dividing a bush is a simple and reliable way to breed the desired variety of honeysuckle
The same is done with the root layers of honeysuckle. Young shoots are cut off from the mother bush along with a part of the root and planted in a new place.
To obtain air layers of honeysuckle, one of the side shoots is bent to the ground and covered with soil. Gradually, the branch will take root and give its own growth. After a year, the shoot can be cut off from the mother bush and transplanted to the desired location.
When honeysuckle ripens in Siberia
The earliest varieties of edible honeysuckle in Siberia begin to ripen in the first half of June. These are such varieties as Caramel, Pushkinskaya, Violet. Middle-ripening varieties (Morena, Nymph, Fire opal, Provincial) bear fruit from mid-June to the third decade. The latest varieties, for example, Yubileinaya, ripen in Siberia in early July.
Diseases and pests
In the vast majority of cases, edible honeysuckle in Siberia is not susceptible to diseases and pests. Diseases most often appear in cases of a serious violation of care, as well as due to poor-quality planting material. To avoid infection with fungal diseases, in early spring, edible honeysuckle bushes are treated with Bordeaux liquid. Affected shoots are cut and burned.
Treatment of bushes with Bordeaux liquid in early spring will perfectly protect against fungal diseases
Of the insect pests, honeysuckle in Siberia is most often attacked by aphids. These microscopic sucking insects feed on the juices of young shoots, literally clinging to them. Large colonies of aphids strongly oppress plants, they begin to turn yellow, wither prematurely and shed their leaves.
Aphids are the most common garden pest
It is necessary to process honeysuckle bushes from aphids only after harvesting. To do this, you can use various insecticides, for example, Fufanon, Iskra or Inta-Vir. Infusions of various herbs, such as tansy or celandine, have proven themselves well as a remedy for the treatment of honeysuckle from aphids.
Conclusion
The bred sweet varieties of honeysuckle for Siberia have become a real salvation for many gardeners, because traditional gardening in this region is fraught with significant difficulties. Every year the culture becomes more and more popular, and not only in the Siberian region, but also in many others. They also became interested in the cultivation of edible honeysuckle abroad, as evidenced by all the new varieties of foreign selection that appear on the market every year.
