Content
The apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky is a modern, popular variety, which is mainly cultivated on an industrial scale. Beautiful fruits with a refreshing taste and pronounced aroma are consumed fresh. Ripe apples are used to produce jams, preserves, dried fruits, and various dessert preserves.
Apple-tree Anis Sverdlovsky - multiple, early-growing, frost-resistant variety
Breeding history
The apple variety Anis Sverdlovsky was obtained relatively recently in Yekaterinburg by the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian Academy of Sciences) at the experimental gardening station in Sverdlovsk. The author of the variety is L.A. Kotov, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences. In 2002, the culture was officially tested and included in the Russian state register of breeding achievements. The plant was bred by crossing the varieties of apple trees "Melba" (Canada) and "Anise purple" (Ural variety).
In 2002, the apple variety Anis Sverdlovsky was patented by the originator
Description of the apple variety Anis Sverdlovsky with photo
Anise of the Ural variety of apple trees Sverdlovsky stands out among anise crops for its bright taste characteristics, presentation of fruits, versatility regarding cultivation and use in various climatic conditions.
The authors of the apple variety Anis Sverdlovsky managed to achieve the best characteristics of frost resistance, early maturity and multiplicity.
Fruit and tree appearance
Apple tree (Malus domestica Borkh) Anise of the Sverdlovsky variety is distinguished by the following varietal characteristics:
- crown height up to 3.5 m;
- the shape of the crown is oval-like (in young trees), wide-pyramidal (in mature trees);
- the trunk is strong, with straight, strongly pubescent, brown shoots;
- bark color is gray-brown;
- the shape of the leaves is rounded, with jagged edges;
- the color of the leaves is dark green with a characteristic light green central vein;
- fruit weight up to 120 g;
- the shape of the fruit is ribbed, slightly flattened, rounded-oval;
- the surface of the fruit is hard;
- the main color of the fruit is light yellow;
- the integumentary color of the fruit is blurred, solid, bright red;
- the color inside the fruit is white with a cream shade;
- the structure of the pulp is juicy, fine-grained, tender;
- medium aroma, classic apple;
- the skin of the fruit is dry, thin, of medium density, shiny, with a waxy coating.
The apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky belongs to early-growing crops, ripening occurs 4 years after budding
Life span
Apple trees of the Ural variety Sverdlovskiy Anise are characterized by a long life cycle (up to 35-40 years). By the age of 3-4 years, the culture begins to actively bear fruit. The main yield peak falls on 20-30 years of age.
Adult apple trees Anis Sverdlovsky are characterized by abundant and friendly ripening of fruits
Taste
The taste characteristics of Anis Sverdlovsky apples can be described as sweet and sour, with a caramel flavor. The culture inherited the magnificent candy "amber" from the parent variety "Melba". The pulp contains a record amount of vitamin C (22%), sugar (13.5%), acid (0.8%).
The original and perfect taste of apples Anis Sverdlovsky has an assessment of 4.5 points out of 5
Growing regions
Anis Sverdlovsky apple trees are characterized by a high degree of drought and winter hardiness. The humid climate with rainy summers is detrimental to the culture due to the lack of immunity to scab.
Apple trees of the Sverdlovsky Anis variety perfectly take root in the gardening farms of the Udmurt, Bashkir, Kurgan, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Yekaterinburg regions. Since their inclusion in the state register of breeding achievements, the plants have been officially recommended for breeding in the Volga-Vyatka region of Russia.
The apple variety Sverdlovskiy Anis is not particularly picky about the composition of the soil, therefore it can grow in Altai, the Urals, the Urals, Siberia and the Middle Zone of the Russian Federation
Yield
The apple tree anis Sverdlovsky begins to bear fruit from the age of 5 after successfully completed budding. From the age of 8, adult plants are capable of producing up to 75-80 kg of fruit per tree per season. The ripening period is mid-September.
Fruiting occurs annually, without interruption.
Frost resistant
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky was specially bred for cultivation in regions with harsh winters. Plants easily tolerate low temperature conditions (up to - 40 ⁰С) without significant damage. The crop is suitable for growing in the northeastern regions with strong winds, cold winter conditions, continental climate.
With partial freezing, the branches of the apple tree quickly recover in spring
Disease and pest resistance
Among the dangerous bacterial and viral diseases of the Anise apple variety, the following can be named:
- Scab is a fungal disease that manifests itself as olive-colored spots on foliage and black spots on fruits. Apples crack and lose their commercial appeal.
Spraying with fungicides and a solution of Bordeaux liquid will help rid the apple trees of scab
- Powdery mildew is characterized by the appearance of a white bloom on the leaves and branches. To get rid of the disease, plants must be treated with colloidal sulfur, Bordeaux mixture.
The most effective against powdery mildew on apple trees is the modern fungicide "Topaz"
- Rust is characterized by the appearance of orange spots on the foliage. As a preventive measure against rust, apple trees are treated with a solution of copper sulfate.
To get rid of rust, you can spray trees with modern preparations "Raek", "Horus", "Skor", "Abiga-Peak"
In addition to diseases, apple trees are attacked by insects and pests: aphids, moths, leaf rollers.
Modern insecticides (Iskra-M, Karbofos, Nitrafen) have shown their effectiveness in the fight against pests of apple trees
Flowering period and ripening period
The flowering of apple trees of the Anis Sverdlovsky variety falls in mid-May and lasts about 10 days. Pink-crimson buds lose their saturation with opening, become white with a subtle pink tint. Oval petals are located separately, pistil and stamens are pale yellow in color.
Experienced gardeners recommend cutting off peduncles from one-year-old apple seedlings so that the plant does not waste energy on flowering and forming ovaries
The ripening period of the culture falls on the end of August or the beginning of September. At the stage of technical maturity, the fruits of the apple trees become two-colored. A bright red blush (up to 4/5 of the surface) spreads over the entire yellowish-green surface. Ripe fruits are characterized by a shiny, dense skin with a light bluish bloom. They stick to the branches on strong, small stalks.Anis Sverdlovsky apple saucer is small, with a half-covered or closed cup, a heart-shaped large heart, light brown ovoid grains.
With abundant flowering, about 90% of the ovary of apple trees falls off in color, 10% are involved in the formation of fruits
Pollinators
Anise apple varieties are self-fruitless crops that need pollinator varieties that coincide in flowering time. Pollen carriers are wind, insects. As pollinators for apple trees Anis Sverdlovsky, such varieties as Belfleur-Kitayka, Yulsky Chernenko, Antonovka, Yandykovsky are ideal.
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky is a pollinator for other apple tree varieties (Volzhanka, Jonathan, Uslada, Freshness, Gala, Aelita).
Joint pollination significantly increases the yield of trees
Transportation and keeping quality
Anise apples of the popular Sverdlovsky variety are distinguished by quite good transportability due to their dense peel, they are grown for sale. For transportation, ripe fruits are carefully folded into clean boxes. Apples are characterized by a low degree of keeping quality, up to 2-3 months from the date of removal from the tree.
The market value of apples is estimated at 80%, the quantitative indicator of the highest quality fruits is 35%
Advantages and disadvantages
The apple tree variety Anis Sverdlovsky has the following advantages:
- high level of drought resistance and winter hardiness;
- unpretentiousness to weather conditions and soil composition;
- abundant harvests;
- original taste of fruits;
- earlier onset of fruiting;
- sufficient transportability;
- ease of growing and versatile care.
Among the disadvantages of the culture, one can single out a relatively short shelf life of fruits, a tendency to shedding when ripe.
Landing
The algorithm for planting apple seedlings Anise of the Sverdlovsky variety is reduced to performing the following manipulations:
- as a landing site, it is necessary to choose light, dry, fertile areas with breathable, loose, fertile soil (loamy, sandy loam soils);
- holes measuring 70x100 cm are prepared on the day of planting;
- a drainage made of broken bricks is placed at the bottom of the planting pit;
- 10 liters of water are poured into the hole;
- half the height is covered with a mixture of the upper fertile layer of earth, mineral and organic fertilizers;
- a wooden peg is driven into the hole, which serves as a support for a young tree;
- a seedling is placed in a half-filled hole, the root system is carefully straightened;
- the seedling is sprinkled with earth, tamped and watered abundantly with water;
- the planting site is mulched with peat, rotted manure, humus to retain moisture.
The term for planting seedlings in open ground is October or April
Growing and care
Caring for apple trees Anise of the Sverdlovsky variety is not particularly difficult:
- 4-stage periodic watering. The first stage of watering begins in early spring, just before the start of the growing season. The second is during flowering. The third - during the ripening of the fruit. The fourth - before the onset of the autumn cold snap.
3-5 buckets (10 liters) of warm water are added under each tree
- 3-stage periodic feeding. The first stage of fertilization with nitrogen preparations is before bud break. The second stage of feeding with potash and phosphorus fertilizers is after the end of flowering. The third is organic fertilization after harvest.
As organic fertilizers, you can use compost, rotted manure
- Weeding and cleaning of organic waste from the area near the apple trees.
During the season, the place near the trees is cleared of weeds several times
- Loosening a place near apple crops, it should be done after each watering.
Loosening will provide oxygen access to the root system
- Pest prevention. As a pest prevention, trees are sprayed with insecticides twice a season.
Insecticides are an effective remedy for combating aphids, leafworms, moths
- Pruning and thinning branches to form the aesthetic appearance of the crown.
Annual autumn pruning of branches contributes to the formation of the correct pyramidal shape of the crown of apple trees Anise of the Sverdlovsky variety
- Preparing for winter. The complex of measures consists in sheltering the tables of trees, whitewashing for disinfection, removing fallen leaves, mulching the near-stem space with humus, cleaning branches and trunks from rot and processing with garden pitch. For the winter, the trunks are wrapped in paper or sacking. Snow is trampled around the trees to retain more moisture.
Covering trunks helps effectively protect the bark from rodents
- Annual spring care consists in whitewashing the trunks, pruning frozen branches, removing the strapping, fertilizing, loosening the soil, and treating pests.
Spring whitewashing of apple trees is a mandatory event that allows you to get rid of fungal diseases and pests
Collection and storage
Anise apple trees of the Sverdlovsky variety bear fruit annually and abundantly. The technical ripeness of the fruits occurs at the beginning of September. The apples ripen at the same time and are of the same size.
The fruits of the variety can be stored until December, but most often they are used earlier for fresh consumption and for processing in order to avoid spoilage. Apples become more juicy 10 days after being removed from the tree.
Thanks to its strong peel, apples withstand long-term transportation
Conclusion
The apple tree Anis Sverdlovsky is a relatively young variety, which is distinguished by a decorative and attractive appearance of the crown, excellent taste characteristics. In spring, during flowering, trees decorate the garden areas with white-pink foam of fragrant inflorescences. In summer, yellow-green and later red-sided apples ripen among the green foliage.
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