Content
Plum Yakhontovaya - a variety of domestic selection, intended for the middle lane. It is appreciated for the high quality of fruits, reliability and unpretentiousness. Correct planting and caring for the Yakhontovaya plum are the main conditions for obtaining a high yield.
Breeding history of the variety
Plum Yakhontovaya was bred in the Moscow VSTISP. Breeders Kh. K. Enikeeva and S. N. Satarova worked on it. Parent varieties - Smolinka and Eurasia 21. The hybrid got its name due to the bright yellow color of the fruit. In 2008, the Yakhontovaya plum was entered into the state register.
Description of plum Yakhontovaya
Plum of this variety is a vigorous tree. The crown is compact, spherical; leafiness is average. The height of the Yakhontovaya plum reaches 5 m.
Branches are bare, straight, brown. Leaves are elongated, long, with a pointed tip, light green in color. The surface of the leaves is matte and smooth, with small denticles along the edges.
Characteristics of Yakhontovaya plum varieties:
- yellow;
- thin skin;
- rounded shape;
- wax bloom;
- weight - 30 g;
- yellow juicy pulp;
- small bone, easily detached;
- sweet and sour taste, is estimated at 5 points.
The Yakhontovaya variety is recommended for planting in the Central Region. Due to its high winter hardiness, cultivation is allowed in colder climates.
Variety characteristics
Plum Yakhontovaya has a number of characteristics that distinguish it from other varieties: winter hardiness, yield, convenient timing of flowering and fruiting.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
Drought tolerance is rated at average. For plums, both lack of moisture and its excess are destructive. The irrigation scheme is chosen taking into account the weather conditions.
The plum is frost-resistant. In order for the tree to easily endure the winter, additional shelter will be organized in the fall.
Plum pollinators Yakhontovaya
Plum Yakhontovaya is partially self-fertile. For a better harvest, you need to plant several varieties of plums that bloom at the same time.
Best pollinators:
- Hungarian;
- Early ripening red;
- Memory of Timiryazev.
Productivity and fruiting
A tree of the Yakhontovaya variety bears an average of 20-30 kg of fruit, in good years - up to 50 kg. Fruiting is regular from year to year.
Scope of berries
Plums are consumed fresh or used for homemade products. Delicious jam, jam, compote, sauce are made from it.
Disease and pest resistance
The Yakhontovaya variety is not very susceptible to fungal diseases and pests. To protect the garden, it is advisable to periodically spray the trees.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
Before planting, the advantages and disadvantages of the Yakhontovaya plum are evaluated.
The main advantages of the variety:
- abundant fruiting;
- good taste and appearance of the fruit;
- resistance to frost and disease.
Disadvantages of plum Yakhontovaya:
- impressive dimensions of the tree;
- partial self-fertility.
Should I buy Yakhontova plum
The yellow plum Yakhontovaya is an excellent option for planting in the Moscow region and other regions of the middle lane. Among its undoubted advantages are the high quality of fruits and productivity.
Landing features
Further growth and fruiting depend on the correct planting of plums. The composition and moisture content of the soil on the site are preliminarily assessed.
Recommended timing
The time for planting the Yakhontovaya plum is chosen taking into account the climate in the region. If there is a risk of early autumn frosts, then the work is left for the spring. Plum is planted when the soil warms up, but the leaves have not yet blossomed. In the southern regions, planting is carried out in the fall, when the trees have shed their foliage.
Choosing the right place
The place for growing plums Yakhontovaya is chosen taking into account a number of factors:
- constant lighting;
- south or west side of the site;
- light drained soil;
- lack of stagnation of moisture in the soil.
The culture prefers drained fertile soils. The tree should not be placed in lowlands where moisture accumulates. Plum is best suited to a plain or slightly sloping area.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
Plums are planted in groups of 2-3 different varieties. A distance of 3 m is maintained between trees. The culture does not take root well if pear, cherry and sweet cherry grow nearby. Neighborhood with apple, raspberry and currant is allowed.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting, one-year-old seedlings of the Yakhontovaya variety are chosen with a height of about 50 cm and a shoot thickness of 2.5 mm. They are purchased from a nursery or garden center.
Landing algorithm
Work begins with the preparation of a pit, which is filled with earth and left to settle. The aging period is 1–2 months. When planting in spring, the foundation pit is dug in the fall. If you plant a plant immediately, then after the soil subsides, the seedling will be damaged.
The procedure for planting home plum Yakhontovaya:
- First, a pit is made 0.6x0.6 m in size to a depth of 0.7 m.
- Fertile soil is mixed with humus, 190 g of superphosphate and 80 g of potassium salt are added.
- The earth is poured into the pit.
- When the soil settles, they begin to prepare the seedling. The earth is poured into the pit, a plum is placed on top.
- The roots of the tree are straightened and covered with fertile soil.
- The soil is compacted, and the seedling is moistened with warm water.
Plum follow-up care
Caring for the Yakhontovaya plum is reduced to watering, feeding and pruning. Preparing for winter will help the tree endure the cold.
- The plum is watered 3-5 times per season. Water is especially important if the drought occurs during the flowering and ripening period of the crop. 5 buckets of water are poured under a young tree, about 10 buckets under an adult.
- It is convenient to combine watering with top dressing. In early spring, 20 g of urea, superphosphate and potassium salt are added to 10 liters of water. The solution is poured under the root of the tree. For summer feeding, a similar solution is prepared, but urea is excluded from the composition. Instead of mineral complexes, natural fertilizers are used: slurry and wood ash.Important! Pruning Yakhontovaya plum helps to form the crown and normalize the yield.
- The crown of the plum is constantly pruned for 5 years. She is given a sparse-tiered shape. Be sure to remove dry, frozen and broken branches. Processing is done in spring or autumn, when sap flow in trees is slowed down.
- Preparation of Yakhontovaya plum for winter begins in late autumn. If the weather is dry, moisten the soil first. Then the trunk is hilled and compost is poured in a layer of 10 cm. Young plants are covered with burlap or agrofibre. Against rodents, a mesh, metal pipes or roofing material are used to shelter plums.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Dangerous diseases of the plum are listed in the table.
| Disease | Symptoms | Treatment | Prevention |
| Fruit rot | Dark spots on fruits that grow over time. | Destruction of affected fruits. Spraying foliage with Bordeaux liquid. | 1. Weeding weeds, removal of root growth. 2. Pruning shoots. 3. Spraying with fungicides. |
| Coccomycosis | Purple spots on leaves, fruits and shoots. | Spraying plums with copper oxychloride solution. |
You can find out about the main pests of the crop from the table.
| Pest | Signs | Destruction | Prevention |
| Moth | The caterpillar eats fruits that lose their presentation and fall off. | Spraying trees with a solution of the "Chlorophos" preparation. | 1. Digging the soil under the drain in the fall. 2. Collecting and burning fallen leaves. 3. Preventive spraying. |
| Silkworm | Caterpillars feed on leaves and buds, leaving cobweb nests on the branches. | Destruction of spider nests, spraying with "Entobacterin". |
Conclusion
Plum Yakhontovaya is a promising variety that has become widespread in the middle lane. Large yellow fruits have a dessert purpose, but are also suitable for canning. To ensure a high yield of plums, they are regularly watered, fed and pruned.
Testimonials
