Content
- 1 General description of the columnar plum
- 2 The best varieties of columnar plums
- 3 Plum columnar yellow
- 4 Self-fertile columnar plum
- 5 Columnar plum varieties for the Moscow region
- 6 Columnar plum varieties for the Leningrad region
- 7 Columnar plum varieties for the Urals
- 8 Columnar plum varieties for Siberia
- 9 Planting and caring for a columnar plum
- 10 Diseases of the columnar plum
- 11 Conclusion
- 12 Testimonials
Columnar plum is a fruit plant that is in great demand among gardeners. It is interesting to figure out exactly what features characterize the plum.
General description of the columnar plum
This name is given to plums, which have a narrow but dense crown, directed vertically upwards. The trees resemble columns in shape, which is why they owe their name. Almost all branches of a plant of this type are directly involved in fruiting and are represented by thin flexible shoots; it is almost not necessary to form a columnar plum.
Are there columnar plums
Many gardeners doubt the existence of such trees. The fact is that the first plant with an unusual narrow-pyramidal crown was the Macintosh apple tree - and such a crown was the result of an accidental mutation discovered in the 1960s.
Since then, however, breeding has made great strides forward. Narrow-pyramidal apple trees, pears, plums and other cultures.
All these trees are united by the fact that the vertical growth of their branches is a selection feature, and not another mutation and not the result of crown formation. Therefore, the answer is yes - columnar plums exist.
What does a columnar plum look like?
Recognizing a plant is easy. Its branches are thinner than those of common plums and are covered with smooth bark. Shoots do not grow to the sides, but upward at an acute angle, as if trying to snuggle against the main trunk of the tree.
Characteristics of a columnar plum
Plants of this type differ from ordinary varieties not only in appearance. The description of the columnar plum indicates a number of other features.
- The frost resistance of such trees is very high - even temperatures below -30 degrees do not harm the health of plum plants.
- Root system trees are less developed than ordinary trees. Therefore, they can be planted almost closely - they will not harm either the crowns or the roots of each other.
- Plants are small in height - they rarely grow above 3 m. At the same time, the yield is very high - up to 12 kg per tree.
- Narrow-pyramidal varieties are early ripening. Fruits appear as early as 2 years after rooting. Up to 7 years, the yield increases from year to year - and then it goes down. Fruiting usually stops at 13 - 17 years of age.
The advantages include early maturity, high yield, strength and frost resistance. You need to cut a columnar plum very little in the spring, since it has few "extra" branches.
Do you need a pollinator for a columnar plum
Some varieties have the ability to self-pollinate - for example, Imperial. Others require pollinators for high yields.
The best varieties of columnar plums
Among the varieties, there are several that are respected by gardeners.
Ant
It bears the first fruits a year after planting, the harvest is harvested in August. Drupes have a dark purple color and a sweet taste; about 4 - 5 kg of fruits can be harvested from one tree. Columnar plum Muravushka is pollinated by plum trees of Blue Free, Stanley and others, and is considered as one of the best varieties of plum for the Moscow region.
Ruby
The height reaches 2 m, the fruits are red, the taste is sweet with a slight sour note. You can harvest in early September. Ruby - large-fruited variety, the weight of one drupe can be 60 g. No pollinators are required for the plant. The disadvantages of the columnar plum Ruby include late ripening of the fruits.
Russian
A plant with dark red sweet fruits. Drupes ripen in the second decade of August, and one fruit can weigh up to 40 g. It is successfully pollinated by the Ussuri or cherry plum.
Honey
Produces golden yellow, very sweet fruits weighing up to 50 g. Columnar plum Honey White ripens from the end of July. Pollinated by Hungarian Donetsk and Renklod Karbyshev.
Commander
Medium ripening variety with reddish-purple fruits. Plum columnar Commander bears fruit weighing up to 55 g. Samoploden.
Imperial
The most popular variety among gardeners up to 2 m tall with large fruits up to 55 g. Drupes have a rich dark red color. Ripens towards the end of August. Refers to self-pollinated columnar varieties of plums for the Moscow region and other regions.
Blue Sweet
Prunes with dark purple fruits up to 75 g in weight. Ripens in August, yields up to 13 kg of sweet-sour drupes from one tree. Pollinated by Blue Free and Stanley varieties.
Olenka
A tree with bright red small fruits. The weight of one drupe is only about 25 g. Self-fertile, with Stanley or Blue Free nearby, it will bring abundant harvests.
Mirabella
A variety with yellow sweet drupes up to 40 g each, resembling apricots in appearance. Fruiting from mid-August, one tree can bear up to 15 kg of fruit. It can pollinate on its own.
Angers
A mid-season variety with burgundy-purple fruits up to 40 g each, has a pleasant sweet-sour taste. Advantages - self-fertility, good tolerance to low temperatures.
Yellow
Description Yellow plum columnar looks like this - it is a variety up to 2.5 m in height with the earliest fruiting. Drupes ripen by the end of June. The plant gives round and large golden fruits with a honey taste, pollinates independently.
Oscar plus
A tree with rounded red or dark brown fruits, 45 - 55 g each. Ripening dates fall at the beginning of September. The variety requires pollination from trees with similar flowering times.
Plum columnar yellow
What qualities make the reviews of the columnar yellow plum so positive?
- Early ripening - you can harvest from late June or early July.
- Sweet honey taste of fruit with fruity notes.
- The weighty dimensions of the drupes are on average from 40 to 70 g per fruit.
Varieties of yellow columnar plum are represented by plants Mirabella, Medovaya, Pamyat Timiryazev.
Self-fertile columnar plum
The main reason gardeners prefer the self-pollinated columnar plum is that there is no need to plant extra trees. This is especially true for small gardens where it is difficult to place several even small trees at once.
The category includes many varieties, for example:
- Imperial;
- Angers;
- Ruby.
Columnar plum varieties for the Moscow region
The Moscow region is considered quite soft for plum trees in terms of climate.In the Moscow region, plants receive enough light and natural precipitation, but sometimes cold winters and severe frosts in spring occur in the region.
Columnar plum varieties for the Moscow region represented mainly by plants Imperial, Honey, Blue Sweet, Mirabella and others.
Columnar plum varieties for the Leningrad region
The main climatic characteristics of the Northwest region are high humidity and cold, which can last until May. It is not worth planting southern varieties or varieties zoned for regions with low humidity here.
Imperial and Russian are best suited for the Leningrad region.
Columnar plum varieties for the Urals
The peculiarity of the Ural region is that the climate here is sharply continental, winters are very cold, even in May frosts can hit.
Cherry plum, or the Russian plum variety, is ideal for breeding in this region. Blue Sweet and Angers varieties can also take root in the region.
Columnar plum varieties for Siberia
Siberia is the most severe region for growing crops. Winters are long and frosty here, and summers are hot, but very short. Spring frosts occur late, autumn ones come early. The description of the Rubin plum corresponds to the conditions of the region; the varieties Medovaya and Russian cherry plum are also suitable.
Planting and caring for a columnar plum
The basic rules that are the same for most plant species will help to correctly plant a columnar plum in spring.
Site selection and soil preparation
The soil suitable for the plant is light, non-boggy, sandy loam is best. The tree feels good in southern sunny areas.
Care for the columnar plum begins in advance - fertilizer must be applied to the seedling pit. You can do this just before planting, but it is better - a few months before planting a columnar plum in the spring.
Selection of seedlings of columnar plum
The main requirement for a young tree is one - it must have healthy, well-developed, strong roots.
How to plant a columnar plum
Planting a columnar plum in the spring is carried out because in the fall the plant may not take root until the onset of cold weather. A fairly spacious hole is dug for a seedling, the tree is lowered onto the ground mixed with fertilizers, and the roots are covered with earth.
After that, the plant must be watered immediately and the circle near the trunk must be mulched. For even growth, it is recommended to additionally tie the plant to a support.
Top dressing of a columnar plum
For the first 2 - 3 years, the tree has enough fertilizers applied initially. Then fertilizing is introduced three times a year: with nitrogen substances in the spring, potassium - in the summer, phosphorus-containing - in the fall.
How to trim a columnar plum
You can see pruning Columnar Plum in Spring on Video for Beginners. In short, the basic rules look like this:
- The formation of a columnar plum is usually carried out in the spring before the buds swell.
- When pruning, the top is not touched, but the lateral shoots are thinned out.
- In the first year of life, pruning a columnar plum includes removing flowers so that nutrients go to strengthen the root system.
- In spring or autumn, the plum should be cut for sanitary purposes.
Watering, mulching and preparing for the winter of a columnar plum
Water the tree once a month, in severe drought - more often, as the soil dries up. To retain moisture, the trunk circle can be sprinkled with mulch. However, it is impossible to overmoisten the roots of the tree - the plant does not tolerate bogging.
Preparing the plant for winter consists of the final autumn watering, the introduction of phosphorus and organic fertilizers under the trunk. It is recommended to cover the bole and the ground around the spruce branches - this will not allow the roots to freeze.
Diseases of the columnar plum
The plant is quite resistant to ailments, but you should still remember about the diseases of the columnar plum and their treatment. The tree affects:
- gommosis;
- coccomycosis;
- clasterosporium disease.
Ailments can be avoided by taking good care of the columnar plum. If symptoms of disease occur, it is necessary to eliminate the affected parts of the plant and treat the tree with copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid or antifungal drugs.
Conclusion
The columnar plum is ideal for small gardens in all regions of the country. High frost resistance, early maturity and abundant fruiting provide her with love from gardeners.
Testimonials
