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Apricot is a medium-sized fruit tree common in the southern regions of Russia. In the middle lane, such a plant began to be grown recently, after the appearance of species resistant to negative factors. Description of the apricot variety Orlovchanin will help in growing a hybrid fruit crop.
Breeding history
Orlovchanin is a relatively new variety of apricots. It was taken out in 2000. Initially, the variety was intended for cultivation in the central black earth region, which covers the Voronezh, Kursk, Orel, Tambov and Lipetsk regions. Later, apricot was grown for experimental purposes in Siberia, where it showed resistance to low temperatures.
The variety was bred by a group of specialists from the All-Russian Research Institute of Selection of Fruit Crops, which is located in the Oryol region. In 2006, the variety was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Description of the variety
Orlovchanin apricot trees are medium-sized. The plant is highly branched, with a dense spreading crown. Shoots are brown, without growths. The foliage is large, ovoid, smooth, without fibers.
The average height of Orlovchanin apricots is 2.5 m
Apricot Orlovchanin is a high-yielding variety. Fruits are round, rarely oval, yellow. Some have a slight reddish tint. The pubescence is weak. The average weight of one fruit is 33 g.
The pulp inside is bright yellow, mealy, without hard veins. The fruit tastes sweet and sour. The bone is easily separated from the pulp.
Characteristics
Orlovchanin, like any other type of apricot, has a set of specific properties and qualities. These characteristics reflect the variety and are taken into account when planting and growing crops.
Drought tolerance, winter hardiness
Apricot is a fruit crop most often grown in southern countries, where rainfall is irregular and the air temperature is high. This explains the plant's resistance to drought. The Orlovchanin variety is resistant to long-term lack of watering. The condition of the fruit tree and the yield are not affected by the frequency of precipitation.
Sharp temperature changes are also not terrible for Orlovchanin apricot. Adult plants can withstand frost down to -35 degrees. Young specimens are sensitive to cold, so they need shelter in the first year after planting in the ground.
Pollinators of apricot Orlovchanin
The need for pollinating plants depends on whether the variety is self-fertile or not. This is especially true for fruit crops, whose yield directly depends on additional pollination.
The Orlovchanin variety is partially self-fertile. Without pollination, the plant produces a crop, but less plentiful. Self-pollination of a crop can be aggravated by unfavorable weather conditions.
To ensure a high yield, the following varieties are planted next to Orlovchanin:
- Tsunami;
- Pineapple;
- Gold Rich;
- Earley Orange;
- Kyoto;
- Mlievsky early.
Any kind of apricot can act as a pollinator. The main requirement is that the period of their flowering must coincide with Orlovchanin.
Flowering period and ripening time
Budding occurs at the end of March. Flowering begins closer to mid-April. Average duration is 2 weeks. The flowers are five-petal, white with a yellow center, up to 2 cm in diameter.
Flowering dates may shift under unfavorable climatic conditions.
Orlovchanin variety of average ripening period. Harvesting is usually done in mid to late June.
Productivity, fruiting
Apricot Orlovchanin begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting the seedling in the ground. The yield of the variety is very high. The plant bears fruit abundantly every year, subject to growing technology.
From 1 tree, from 20 to 60 kg of fruits are collected. The main factor affecting productivity is whether the Orlovchanin apricot is pollinated or not.
Scope of the fruit
The harvested crop is suitable for various purposes. The fruits are distinguished by pleasant taste, so they are eaten fresh. Apricots tolerate heat treatment well, they are canned with subsequent sterilization of containers.
The Orlovchanin variety is suitable for making preserves, jams, drinks, and various desserts. Also, apricots can be dried for the winter, increasing the shelf life of the fruits many times.
Disease and pest resistance
The Orlovchanin variety is susceptible to fungal infections. An exception is clasterosporium disease. This disease is very rare among the representatives of the variety.
Like other types of apricots, Orlovchanin can be affected by pests. Therefore, the agricultural technology of such a culture involves the implementation of preventive measures.
Advantages and disadvantages
The selection of apricots for planting on the site is carried out taking into account numerous criteria. The Orlovchanin variety is characterized by many advantages, which should be considered when choosing.
The main advantages of the variety:
- high yield rates;
- ease of caring for the tree;
- resistance to cold, drought;
- small tree height, which makes harvesting easier;
- the possibility of growing in any region;
- excellent taste of fruits.
The main disadvantage of Orlovchanin apricots is susceptibility to fungal diseases. The yield of the variety may decrease in case of freezing of flower buds in the spring.
Landing features
To obtain a good harvest, it is necessary to observe the technology of growing the Orlovchanin apricot. The initial stage is the correct planting of a fruit crop on the site.
Recommended timing
In the southern regions, you can plant apricots both in spring and autumn. For the middle lane, a sub-winter landing is recommended.
In the fall, the Orlovchanin apricot is planted in September or early October.
The main condition is that at least 1 month must pass before the first frost from the moment of planting, so that the plant has time to adapt.
Choosing the right place
For an apricot, Orlovchanin needs a plot that is well illuminated by sunlight. The plant does not tolerate shading well. Planting a tree in partial shade is also not recommended.
The soil for the fruit tree should be light and well-drained. For apricot Orlovchanin, slightly acidic sandy loam or loamy soils are best suited. Groundwater should not lie close to the roots in order to exclude the risk of flooding in case of heavy rainfall.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to an apricot
The Orlovchanin variety can be planted in one area next to other plants. However, not all crops are allowed to be planted.
You can plant next to the apricot:
- pears;
- quince;
- plums;
- viburnum;
- persimmon;
- mulberry;
- cherries;
- cherries;
- nut;
- cherry plum.
It is strongly not recommended to plant currant and raspberry bushes next to apricots.Apple trees and conifers are also an undesirable neighborhood for Orlovchanin.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Seedlings are purchased in specialized stores or nurseries. When choosing, you need to inspect a young plant and make sure there are no defects.
Optimal characteristics of the seedling:
- age from 1 to 2 years;
- height - up to 2 m;
- the presence of at least 2 strong shoots;
- strong, well-developed root system with a large number of processes;
- no damage to the bark, signs of rot.
It is best to purchase seedlings, the roots of which are immersed in an earthen lump. If they are open, then such a plant should be planted in the ground as soon as possible.
Landing algorithm
When planting a plant in open ground, you need to follow simple instructions. Failure to comply with the planting technology can lead to the fact that the Orlovchanin apricot will grow slowly and give an abundant harvest.
Planting method:
- Prepare a landing pit 60 cm deep.
- Fill 1/3 with a mixture of fertile loose soil and compost.
- A wooden stake, 1.5 m high, is placed in the center of the pit as a support.
- Place the seedling, spread the roots, cover the space between them with earth.
- Fill the hole with soil mixture so that the root collar is 2-3 cm above the surface.
- Tie the seedling to the support.
- Pour 2-3 buckets of settled water.
On the north side, the apricot must be protected from strong winds
In the first few weeks after planting, the plant needs a lot of liquid. Therefore, watering is carried out every 2-3 days.
Aftercare for apricot
In the spring, the tree should be pruned to remove dried branches and bark particles. If necessary, remove the top of the crown to stimulate the growth of new shoots. This pruning is done every 2 years.
Apricot Orlovchanin does not need regular watering. The liquid is applied in April once before flowering.
When ripe, watered again. After that, the plant is left without liquid until autumn. The last watering is carried out at the beginning of October, so that the roots of the plant have time to be saturated with moisture before wintering.
The Orlovchanin variety responds well to feeding. The first time fertilization is applied in the spring at the beginning of warming. The tree is sprayed with urea solutions.
The second top dressing is root. Superphosphate and ammonium nitrate are introduced. Fertilizers are given again before and after flowering.
Diseases and pests
You can often see a photo of Orlovchanin apricot variety affected by a fungus. The plant is susceptible to infections. Therefore, competent prevention of diseases and treatment are required if they occur.
Major sore apricot:
- cytosporosis;
- bacterial necrosis;
- apricot burn;
- phyllostictosis.
If signs of illness appear, the affected apricot shoots should be removed to prevent the spread of infection. The tree is sprayed with a complex fungicide or copper sulfate. Bleach is considered an effective antifungal agent.
The appearance of brown spots on the leaves is the main sign of phyllostictosis.
Common pests of apricot Orlovchanin:
- aphid;
- leaf roll;
- moth;
- American butterfly;
- spider mite.
The affected fruit must be collected and disposed of. For preventive purposes, it is necessary to clean off the old bark from the tree. In winter, soil is dug around the plant so that the larvae die from the cold. The most effective method of pest control is the use of insecticides.
Conclusion
The description of the apricot variety Orlovchanin contains comprehensive information about this fruit crop. This information will help gardeners when planting and caring for the plant. Subject to simple rules of agricultural technology, the Orlovchanin variety gives a good harvest. Therefore, this variety is considered one of the best for home cultivation.
