Content
The cow does not eat hay well for a number of reasons, including the presence of certain diseases. Hay is an essential component of the cattle diet throughout life. Its consumption in winter is especially important. The quality and quantity of the product determines the immune system of the cow, its reproductive function and milk efficiency. Therefore, if a cow does not eat hay well, it is necessary to find the cause as soon as possible and eliminate it.
How much hay should a cow eat
Good quality hay is ideal for the cold season. It is divided into several types: cereal, legumes, mixed and feed grain with straw. Good hay is made from grain crops if it is harvested before the seeds appear. However, this type must be checked for the presence of nitrates. The legume consists of alfalfa, vetch, soybeans, hornbeam and Chinese cowpea. This type contains a higher percentage of vitamin A, calcium, protein than cereals.
The nutritional value depends on the type of leaves. Grain hay contains more nutrients - it is absorbed faster by the cow's body while the plant is young, but it is more saturated with fiber when it ripens. Legume leaves have a constant composition, do not depend on the phases of plant development. On average, 1 kg of high-quality hay contains about 70 g of protein, 40-50 mg of vitamin A, as well as vitamins of group B, E, and minerals. When eating good hay, a cow satisfies the need for protein by 40-45%, in microelements by 50%, completely in carotene. That is why the farms pay special attention to the preparation of the product for the livestock population.
The amount of hay required for a cow depends on the breed of the animal, the direction of productivity, and the physiological state. During lactation, hay should not exceed 25% of the total feed, and it is better if it is represented mainly by legumes. In the dry period, the dacha is increased by half. In the meat sector of cattle breeding, the cow eats up to 30 kg of hay daily. Based on the accepted norms of feeding cows, an animal needs 40-50 centners of the product for the winter.
Why does a cow eat hay poorly?
Many owners are faced with the fact that the cow does not eat hay. Possible reasons are as follows:
- Disruption of the digestive tract (gas formation, swelling of the proventriculus, decreased contractile activity of the rumen). This can be caused by feed that provokes fermentation, uncontrolled grazing, irregular feeding, lack of exercise, poor quality feed, dirty water. Pathology is accompanied by anxiety, an increase in body temperature, a lack of chewing gum, an increase in the abdomen on the left side, a change in feces, a decrease in productivity.
- Mastitis. Often this pathology affects the change in the cow's taste preferences, including the refusal to consume hay. The disease is complex, it is caused by pathogenic microorganisms that penetrate the mammary gland of a cow. Causes of the disease: poor milk yield, poor quality udder care, difficult calving, damage to the mammary gland. With this disease, the following symptoms are observed: compaction in the udder, impurities of pus, blood, flakes in milk, increased body temperature, decreased productivity, depression of the cow.
- Ketosis... The disease occurs when metabolic processes in the animal's body are disturbed, as a result of which there is an accumulation of ketone bodies, and the cow may refuse to eat hay or completely lose appetite. The causes of the pathology are the oversaturation of the feed with proteins, the lack of exercise, the excess of concentrates, coarse, juicy feed. At the same time, the cow has increased sweating, especially in the morning, nervous system excitability, agalactia, teeth grinding, muscle tremors, the smell of acetone from an individual, as well as from milk and urine.
- Ingestion of foreign bodies in the digestive tract of the cow. The animal behaves restlessly, the body temperature may rise, the pulse quickens, there is no appetite or food preferences change, the milk yield decreases, the pulsation of the rumen stops.
- Helminthiasis. Parasites are often the reason a cow refuses to eat grass or her appetite is completely lost. The animal has a cough, sweating, weight loss, decreased milk production, alternating diarrhea and constipation.
- Paresis. The use of hay is influenced by complications arising before and after calving. Paresis occurs as a result of metabolic disorders in the cow's body. The disease manifests itself in paralysis of the limbs, tongue, larynx, disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract, loss of coordination during movement, and an increase in body temperature.
Other reasons for refusing hay can be poisoning with chemicals, poisonous plants, constant overfeeding, unsanitary conditions for keeping livestock, disturbances in the regime, poor-quality feed.
If a small calf does not eat grass well, congenital diseases (paratyphoid fever, pneumonia, gastrointestinal dysfunction, hernia) should be excluded. It is possible that the cause is the baby's cold. In any case, the calf should be shown to a veterinarian to determine the cause.
What to do if a cow eats hay poorly
First of all, you need to check the quality of the feed. In the event that a cow has a digestive problem, it will be necessary to eliminate inflammation, stop fermentation, and remove gases with a probe. For other diseases that cause impaired appetite, you should start treating them, and then try to stimulate the feeling of hunger. In addition to these measures, the owner should establish a clear schedule for feeding, milking, exercise, and daily cleaning of the barn.
Conclusion
The cow eats hay poorly only for certain reasons, which must be identified and eliminated as soon as possible. An attentive attitude to the cow and a veterinarian will help to do this. You also need to be careful about making or buying hay as it is the basis of your diet.
